diff --git a/machines/lebesgue/config/hardware-configuration.nix b/machines/lebesgue/config/hardware-configuration.nix
index 03724ba..ccaa0e2 100644
--- a/machines/lebesgue/config/hardware-configuration.nix
+++ b/machines/lebesgue/config/hardware-configuration.nix
@@ -17,6 +17,31 @@
   boot.extraModulePackages = [];
   boot.supportedFilesystems = ["btrfs"];
 
+  boot.initrd.postDeviceCommands = lib.mkAfter ''
+    mkdir /btrfs_tmp
+    mount /dev/disk/by-label/NIXROOT /btrfs_tmp
+    if [[ -e /btrfs_tmp/root ]]; then
+        mkdir -p /btrfs_tmp/old_roots
+        timestamp=$(date --date="@$(stat -c %Y /btrfs_tmp/root)" "+%Y-%m-%-d_%H:%M:%S")
+        mv /btrfs_tmp/root "/btrfs_tmp/old_roots/$timestamp"
+    fi
+
+    delete_subvolume_recursively() {
+        IFS=$'\n'
+        for i in $(btrfs subvolume list -o "$1" | cut -f 9- -d ' '); do
+            delete_subvolume_recursively "/btrfs_tmp/$i"
+        done
+        btrfs subvolume delete "$1"
+    }
+
+    for i in $(find /btrfs_tmp/old_roots/ -maxdepth 1 -mtime +30); do
+        delete_subvolume_recursively "$i"
+    done
+
+    btrfs subvolume create /btrfs_tmp/root
+    umount /btrfs_tmp
+  '';
+
   fileSystems."/" = {
     device = "/dev/disk/by-label/NIXROOT";
     fsType = "btrfs";
diff --git a/machines/lebesgue/config/state.nix b/machines/lebesgue/config/state.nix
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8ea2adf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/machines/lebesgue/config/state.nix
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+{config, ...}: {
+  sops.age.sshKeyPaths = ["/persist/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key"];
+
+  environment.persistence."/persist" = {
+    directories =
+      [
+        "/var/lib/tailscale"
+        "/var/log"
+        "/var/lib/nixos"
+        "/var/lib/docker"
+      ]
+      ++ config.foehammer.backups.paths;
+
+    files = [
+      "/etc/machine-id"
+      "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key.pub"
+      "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key"
+      "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key"
+      "/etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key.pub"
+      "/var/lib/systemd/random-seed"
+      "/var/lib/logrotate.status"
+    ];
+  };
+}
diff --git a/machines/lebesgue/flake.lock b/machines/lebesgue/flake.lock
index c96f0de..210cf86 100644
--- a/machines/lebesgue/flake.lock
+++ b/machines/lebesgue/flake.lock
@@ -34,6 +34,21 @@
         "type": "github"
       }
     },
+    "impermanence": {
+      "locked": {
+        "lastModified": 1737831083,
+        "narHash": "sha256-LJggUHbpyeDvNagTUrdhe/pRVp4pnS6wVKALS782gRI=",
+        "owner": "nix-community",
+        "repo": "impermanence",
+        "rev": "4b3e914cdf97a5b536a889e939fb2fd2b043a170",
+        "type": "github"
+      },
+      "original": {
+        "owner": "nix-community",
+        "repo": "impermanence",
+        "type": "github"
+      }
+    },
     "nixpkgs": {
       "locked": {
         "lastModified": 1737672001,
@@ -97,6 +112,7 @@
     "root": {
       "inputs": {
         "common": "common",
+        "impermanence": "impermanence",
         "nixpkgs": "nixpkgs_2",
         "sops-nix": "sops-nix"
       }
diff --git a/machines/lebesgue/flake.nix b/machines/lebesgue/flake.nix
index 1586c78..dac8a7d 100644
--- a/machines/lebesgue/flake.nix
+++ b/machines/lebesgue/flake.nix
@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
     sops-nix = {
       url = "github:Mic92/sops-nix";
     };
+
+    impermanence = {
+      url = "github:nix-community/impermanence";
+    };
   };
   outputs = inputs @ {common, ...}: let
     supportedSystems = ["x86_64-linux" "aarch64-linux" "x86_64-darwin" "aarch64-darwin"];
@@ -19,7 +23,11 @@
   in {
     nixosConfigurations.default = let
       config = common.lib.utils.findNixFiles ./config;
-      modules = [inputs.sops-nix.nixosModules.sops inputs.common.nixosModules.default];
+      modules = [
+        inputs.sops-nix.nixosModules.sops
+        inputs.common.nixosModules.default
+        inputs.impermanence.nixosModules.impermanence
+      ];
     in
       common.lib.mkSystem "lebesgue" "x86_64-linux" (config ++ modules);
 
diff --git a/machines/lebesgue/tools/server/fs-diff b/machines/lebesgue/tools/server/fs-diff
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..94a039d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/machines/lebesgue/tools/server/fs-diff
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# fs-diff.sh
+# run on server.
+set -euo pipefail
+
+if [[ -f /mnt ]]; then
+        mkdir /mnt
+fi
+
+if ! mountpoint /mnt > /dev/null; then
+        mount -t btrfs /dev/disk/by-label/NIXROOT /mnt
+fi
+
+OLD_TRANSID=$(sudo btrfs subvolume find-new /mnt/root-blank 9999999)
+OLD_TRANSID=${OLD_TRANSID#transid marker was }
+
+sudo btrfs subvolume find-new "/mnt/root" "$OLD_TRANSID" |
+sed '$d' |
+cut -f17- -d' ' |
+sort |
+uniq |
+while read path; do
+  path="/$path"
+  if [ -L "$path" ]; then
+    : # The path is a symbolic link, so is probably handled by NixOS already
+  elif [ -d "$path" ]; then
+    : # The path is a directory, ignore
+  else
+    echo "$path"
+  fi
+done